A whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet
A whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet is a way of eating that focuses on consuming minimally processed or unprocessed plant foods in their whole form. It emphasizes a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds while minimizing or avoiding animal products and highly processed foods.
Key aspects of a whole food plant-based diet:
- Emphasis on whole plant foods
- Minimization of processed foods
- Elimination or reduction of animal products
- Healthy fats
- Nutrient-dense and high-fiber foods
The foundation of a WFPB diet is consuming whole, unrefined plant foods. This includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains (such as quinoa, brown rice, and oats), legumes (such as beans, lentils, and chickpeas), nuts, and seeds.
Highly processed foods, including refined grains, added sugars, and oils, are limited or avoided in a WFPB diet. The focus is on consuming foods in their most natural, unprocessed forms.
While some individuals following a WFPB diet may choose to eliminate animal products (vegan WFPB diet) completely, others may occasionally include small amounts of animal products such as fish or lean poultry (plant-based diet).
Healthy fats from sources such as avocados, nuts, seeds, and plant-based oils (like olive oil) are included in moderation. They provide essential fatty acids and contribute to satiety and flavor in meals.
A WFPB diet naturally provides a wide range of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It tends to be rich in fiber, which supports digestive health, promotes satiety, and helps regulate blood sugar levels.
Examples of foods to include in a WFPB diet:
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Whole Grains
- Legumes
- Nuts and Seeds
- Healthy Fats
- Plant-based Proteins
- Herbs and Spices
- Plant-based Milk and Yogurt Alternatives
- Sweeteners
Apples, bananas, oranges, berries, grapes, mangoes, and any other fresh or frozen fruits.
Leafy greens (spinach, kale, Swiss chard), broccoli, cauliflower, carrots, bell peppers, tomatoes, zucchini, cucumbers, and other vegetables.
Brown rice, quinoa, oats, barley, whole wheat bread, whole grain pasta, millet, and other whole grains.
Beans (black beans, chickpeas, kidney beans, lentils), peas, and lentils.
Almonds, walnuts, cashews, chia seeds, flaxseeds, hemp seeds, sesame seeds, and sunflower seeds.
Avocados, olives, and plant-based oils (such as olive oil, avocado oil, and coconut oil in moderation).
Tofu, tempeh, edamame, and plant-based protein sources like seitan and textured vegetable protein.
Turmeric, ginger, garlic, cumin, cinnamon, basil, oregano, and various other herbs and spices to enhance flavor.
Unsweetened almond milk, soy milk, oat milk, coconut milk, and plant-based yogurts made from nuts, seeds, or soy.
Whole food sweeteners like dates, maple syrup, and raw honey (for non-vegans) can be used in moderation.
Remember, a WFPB diet focuses on consuming foods in their whole form and minimizing processed foods, added sugars, and refined oils. It's important to prioritize variety and balance in your meals to ensure you obtain a wide range of nutrients. Additionally, individual nutritional needs can vary, so it's beneficial to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian to tailor a WFPB diet to your specific needs.
A whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet can offer numerous benefits for overall health and well-being.
Potential benefits of following a WFPB diet:
- Reduced risk of chronic diseases
- Heart health
- Weight management
- Improved gut health
- Increased nutrient intake
- Anti-inflammatory effects
- Environmental sustainability
- Animal welfare
A WFPB diet has been associated with a lower risk of chronic conditions, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, certain cancers (such as colorectal and breast cancer), and obesity. The emphasis on nutrient-dense plant foods and avoiding processed foods and animal products contribute to these health benefits.
A WFPB diet is naturally low in saturated fats and cholesterol and rich in heart-healthy nutrients like fiber, antioxidants, and unsaturated fats. This combination may help lower blood cholesterol levels, reduce blood pressure, and decrease the risk of heart disease.
Whole plant foods tend to be lower in calorie density while high in fiber, promoting satiety. This can help with weight management and weight loss efforts, reducing the risk of obesity and associated health conditions.
The high fiber content in a WFPB diet supports a healthy gut microbiome, promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. This can improve digestion, improve bowel regularity and enhance overall gut health.
A well-planned WFPB diet can provide a wide array of essential nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and phytochemicals. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds are rich sources of these nutrients, supporting optimal health and functioning of the body.
Plant foods are naturally rich in antioxidants and phytochemicals, which have anti-inflammatory properties. By reducing chronic inflammation in the body, a WFPB diet may help prevent or alleviate symptoms of inflammatory conditions.
Plant-based diets have a lower environmental impact than diets rich in animal products. By adopting a WFPB diet, individuals can contribute to sustainable food choices and reduce their carbon footprint.
Choosing a WFPB diet aligns with ethical considerations by reducing or eliminating the consumption of animal products. This promotes compassion for animals and supports a more sustainable and compassionate food system.
Things to avoid:
- Refined Oils
- Artificial Additives
- Trans Fats
- Highly Salted Foods
While some WFPB diets allow for small amounts of minimally processed oils like olive or coconut oil, others prefer to minimize their use altogether. Focus on obtaining healthy fats from whole plant sources like avocados, nuts, and seeds.
Avoid foods with artificial additives like artificial colors, flavors, sweeteners, and preservatives.
Eliminate or minimize trans fats found in partially hydrogenated oils. Check ingredient labels and avoid foods that contain these harmful fats.
Reduce your intake of foods high in sodium, such as canned soups, processed sauces, and salty snacks. Instead, use herbs, spices, and natural flavorings to enhance the taste of your meals.
Is WFPB diet gluten free?
While a whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet can be naturally gluten-free, it is not inherently gluten-free by definition. A WFPB diet primarily focuses on consuming minimally processed or unprocessed plant foods, but it does not explicitly exclude gluten-containing grains.
Gluten is a protein found in certain grains, such as wheat, barley, and rye. If you follow a WFPB diet and want to avoid gluten, you would need to choose gluten-free grains and products specifically.
Gluten-free grains and starches that can be part of a WFPB diet:
- Brown rice
- Quinoa
- Buckwheat
- Amaranth
- Millet
- Gluten-free oats (labeled as certified gluten-free)
Additionally, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and plant-based protein sources are naturally gluten-free and can form the basis of a WFPB diet.
If you have celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity, ensuring that all foods you consume are free from gluten contamination is important. Carefully reading food labels, checking for gluten-free certifications, and practicing cross-contamination prevention in food preparation is essential.
Suppose you are considering a gluten-free WFPB diet. In that case, it can be helpful to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian who can guide you on suitable food choices, meal planning and ensure you are meeting your nutritional needs.
